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عمومی::
اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک
This possibil- ity has recently been illustrated in a trial of the effects of lithium on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carried out by ALS patients themselves with the support of a website developed by the firm PatientsLikeMe (Wicks, Vaughan, Massagli, and Heywood 2011).
I conclude, from these early empirical findings, that free innovation is likely to be an important contributor to innovative advances across the entire spectrum of innovation opportunities of interest to individu- als in the household sector.
As table 2.6 documents, studies of household sector innovation in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan have shown that in those countries about 90 percent of innovations are made by individu- als acting alone.
The practicality of patient-run clinical trials has been demonstrated, for example, in a clinical trial of possible ALS therapies (Wicks, Vaughan, Massagli, and Heywood 2011; see also DoubleBlinded
As a consequence, the user innova- tion lens can include both free innovators and profit-seeking individu- als and firms as user innovators.
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